Analysis Of Business Studies A Practical Guide Essay

References Ghauri, P. and Grà ¸nhaug, K. (2005) Analysis Methods in Business Studies: A Practical Guide (3rd end). Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Gill, J. and Johnson, P. (2002), Analysis Methods for Managers, 3rd End, London: Paul Chapman Gaffe, M. (2008), Business communication, activity and product, Mason, OH: South- Western Engage Learning. Hellenes, S. (2010), Global marketing, London: Pearson apprenticeship limited Johnson, P. and Clark, M. (2006), mapping the terrain: an overview of business and administration analysis methodologies, in P. Johnson and M. Clark. (Ends) Business and Administration Analysis Methodologies, London: Sage. Jobber, D., Fay, J. (2003), Foundations of marketing, London: McGraw Hill. Jones, J. (1999), How to use commercial to body able brands, Thousand Oaks: Sage publications Keller, K. (2008), Strategic cast management, Harlow: Pearson International Limited. Koekemore, L. (2004), Business communications, 1 st Edition, South Africa: Juta and Co., P.291 Kil ter, P. (2000), Business management, 10th edition, Upper Saddle River: Prentice- Hall, Inc. Kotler, P. (2002), Business Management, Millennium Edition, New Jersey: Pearson Custom Publishing, P.45 Kotler, P. and Keller, K.L. (2012), Business Management, 14th Edition, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, p.17-20 Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., Wong, V. and Saunders, J. (2008), Principles of marketing, Harlow: Pearson International Limited Kotler,Show MoreRelatedStandards For Financial Decision Making926 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract. The article reviewed was Standards for Financial Decision-Making: Legal, Ethical, and Practical Issues. The key of the abstract is to emphasize the existence of standards and statutory mechanisms for financial decision-making. The article is based on standards of the National Guardianship Association (NGA) (p. 1275). Introduction. The authors study the meaning of term â€Å"standard†. 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African American women may be the least attractive group for nonprofits to recruit and cultivate for fear of them not having the proper connections to further develop the agency into the growth the company needs to sustain itself. This may alsoRead MoreBusiness Document Design and Development796 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿MANAGE BUSINESS DOCUMENT DESIGNE AND DEVELOPMENT . Introduction: my name is beant kaur , I am going to start a new bakery name â€Å"best choice Bakery† , which will located at old Gee long road Laver ton . So in this bakery we have two positions are available manager, Baker, in this bakery we will make different kinds of breads, pastries, cookies, pies etc. We will provide good service to the customers. In my opinion this bakery will be most popular because of its service. We have two more bakeries

Chronic Condition Of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - 1724 Words

This report investigates children living with the Chronic condition of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Chronic illness is a disease or condition that is persistent, with long term effects for an individual. Chronic is applied, when a condition last for a duration of three months or greater. According to the World Health Organisation (2017), Diabetes is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world, representing 60% of all deaths, along with heart disease, stroke, cancer and chronic respiratory diseases. T1DM can be frustrating for a child and stressful for the family. With culturally appropriate support and education, diabetes can be well managed and improve quality of life. In this report, a brief description of T1DM is†¦show more content†¦It becomes a learning experience for the whole family, as children have to learn about injections, counting carbohydrates and monitoring blood sugar levels. Diabetes complications include blindness, kidney failure, nerve da mage, circulatory problems, heart disease and early death. Therefore, well managed diabetes can reduce the development of these risk. However, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is on the rise due to the increase in child obesity within New Zealand. T2DM is triggered by unhealthy lifestyles and children of Maori and pacific decent, which rates are increasing (Diabetes youth New Zealand, 2016). There are many health services in the community that offer support and education to those affected with Diabetes. As Diabetes in Maori is rising, it is proven one in five New Zealanders are at risk (Wood, 2013). In fact, numbers are that significant, many local iwi have established services Marae-based that target Maori communities, by Maori for Maori. The incentive is for Maori to feel comfortable within their own surroundings. The most common characteristics of the illness that make it complex for children with type 1 diabetes if not well managed include; health disparities, poor health literacy and those with poor socio-economic status. The recent Ministry of health Diabetes health strategy, â€Å"Living well with Diabetes† (2015), identifies how the quality of services have improved for those living with the long-term chronicShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Diabetes And Diabetes Mellitus1428 Words   |  6 Pages 1. Problems, Issues or Disease Progress of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus refers to a chronic human health condition characterized by prolonged high sugar level in the blood. A group of metabolic disorders like, seizures, lethargy, and jaundice among others, which occur when chemical reactions abnormally alter the normalcy of the body’s metabolic processes, causes this condition. Diabetes occurs mainly because of two issues; due to inadequate production of insulin by the pancreas, and dueRead MoreThe Chronic Illness Of Diabetes Mellitus1164 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Chronic illnesses affect many people, young and old; according to CDC data half of all Americans have had a chronic illness in their lifetime. Chronic illness is defined as any disorder that persists over a long period and affects physical, emotional, intellectual, social, spiritual functioning (Mosby’s Medical Dictionary, 2009). If you or anyone you know suffers from chronic illness you know how it can be quite taxing on financial health, peace of mind, emotional health, and familyRead MoreEssay on Diabetes Mellitus1381 Words   |  6 Pages1. Discuss the pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition in which the body has the inability to produce insulin or react normally to insulin. The pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus is extremely complex, as diabetes mellitus is characterized by different types but share common symptoms and complications. Diabetes mellitus is classified in two types: Type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Although the disease is characterized by different etiologiesRead MoreEssay on Diabetes Mellitus1282 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes mellitus is a collection of common metabolic disorders. The scenario of passing large amount of urine is described by the Greek and Roman physicians as diabetes whereas the term mellitus refers to sweet taste (Barrett, Barman, Boitano, Brooks, 2012). The name of the disease reveals one of the important clinical manifestation, that is, passing sweet-tasted urine, and in the other word, the presence of sugar in the urine. Besides that, Funk (2010) stated that there are three most commonRead MoreEssay on Chronic Renal Failure830 Words   |  4 Pagesthese diseases is renal failure (kidney failure), a dangerous disorder. 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Many people accept this as a part of life, sometimes just assuming it will happen to them because their parents or grandparents suffered with the same condition. Many of these chronic conditions are linked and can shorten your lifespan and increase the amount of pain that a person has to deal with daily. Usually a person suffers with more than one of these conditionsRead MorePlan Of Care For A Diabetic Essay1541 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent types of Diabetes Mellitus; Type 2 is the most common type and the one that I have chosen to focus on due to the personal nature in my family, the high prevalence among Hispanics like myself, and for the large arena of educational improvements that can be made. According to Healthy People 2020, Diabetes Mellitus affects an estimated 23.6 million people in the United States and is the 7th leading cause of death (HealthyPeople.gov, 2016). 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Auditing and Assurance KGC Ltd

Question: KGC Ltd. is hoping to raise $5 billion AUD, KGC Ltd. via a share issue. In the share prospectus,3 KGC Ltd. Noted that its PNG operations are its principal asset and described the operations as low risk and indefinite (permanent) in duration. Are you willing to sign-off on that prospectus as being true and fair? (Explain) Answer: KGC Ltd plans to raise investment of $ 5 billion AUD through the issue of shares by portraying the assets to be at low risk is not a fair statement. A shareholder before investing in any company needs to go through the companys prospectus in which he would be able to find various types of information required to enquire into before taking any investment decision. A company planning to make additional investment through the issue of shares provide the clients with different information about the company future prospects , strategy followed by it, investment objectives ,any risks if it would be exposed to, pricing of the product ,corporate responsible ,depiction of a fair financial statements , policy of fund and its history , measures of performance , commission , brokerage, matters of tax(SEC.Gov | Investment Company, Shareholders' Information"). The willing investors should have access to all these information in details. Investors needs to do their own research . The risk which company would face in carrying out their operation should be properly told so that the investors would be able to form speculation about the risks involved (Raising Funds In Australia | ASIC - Australian Securities And Investments Commission") . Here KGC Ltd is making a misrepresentation by describing the operation to be indefinite and at low risk. The fact that the license to continue mining activity from PNG government will expire in eight years and the ongoing court case due to the allegation of being environmentally irresponsible by some ecological group is making the continuation of the firm doubtful. So the prospectus could not be signed off as being true and fair by the investors. Reference : Raising Funds In Australia | ASIC - Australian Securities And Investments Commission".Asic.gov.au. N.p., 2016. Web. 25 May 2016. SEC.Gov | Investment Company, Shareholders' Information".Sec.gov. N.p., 2016. Web. 25 May 2016.

The end of the free market

Introduction Having experience in the political and economic fields for many years, Ian Bremmer can be considered to have strong evidence in his extensive research on global economy. In this book, he tries to address the current economic crisis by answering questions such as; can state capitalist compete with free market? Does capitalism still exist or is it going to extinct? Are we still in an economic cold war? His key players are the Men and women who govern Russia, China, Arab, and the United States (Bremmer IV).Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on The end of the free market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More About the book In the first half, the writer is devoted to explain what capitalism is. He describes the birth of capitalism as a replacement of fallen communism regimes of China and Russia. He discusses how today this model has become an attractive package to countries such as China, Russia, US, Saudi Ar abia, Algeria, Ukraine, India, and the United Arab Emirates. The second half gives a detailed support and effects of state capitalism on market economies. Although he really convinces the reader that he is not against state capitalism, he actually cautions about it. According to Bremmer, the power in politics controls this type of economy. Instead of formulation of policies that are based on the needs of the people, the decisions are approved and implemented politically. Recommendations Overall, Bremmer’s engagement is excellent. He is clear on his advantages and disadvantages of state capitalism and creates a good understanding of world politics. From a review, the test rating and analysis of this book can be addressed by the following recommendations. The book can be highly recommendable to even persons without knowledge about economies .Ian’s coverage is realistic, simple, broad, lucid, and well judged. The book does not leave behind any unanswered questions on glob alization. Its briefing is excellent and narrates the sequence of events from the rise and fall of communism to the effects of capitalism. According to Bremmer, capitalism is a disguised monster in the free markets whose goal is to have political gain. He argues that the cause of all these selfish gains is globalization that acts as a catalyst to international politics and markets. He notes that capitalization has different forms distinguished by their own interests and the degree of government support. First, he talks about the free market capitalism (Bremmer 13). In this type of economy, involved parties use wealth to build more wealth. The state enables generation of wealth through enacting contracts that are limited to moral weaknesses. In contrast, he talks about the state capitalist economies. This type of regime is dominated by politics and the choice of the principal consumer.Advertising Looking for book review on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get y our first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Book report With the fall of the soviets in the nineties, political and economic analyst proclaimed victory over communism to create a new free market economy. However, Bremmer admits that no liberation has followed yet. It is just that the system has incanted. Capitalism is not new in the world as admitted by Bremmer and traces its root back to 1896.He references this year from the speech made by Wilhelm Liebknecht, the leader of the social democratic party in Germany. He looks upon the state capitalism as an extremely huge threat to the economy of the United States. This is one point that we can all agree on. Notably, there is a huge similarity between what the writer tries to explain as state capitalism and the history of the US economy. Nevertheless, does it mean the US government grew out of selfishness and greed? Many tend to oppose this but it is what Bremmer is trying to explain. Countries that used state capitalism take up th e larger section of the pie in the global market. Among them are the European Union and the US. According to Bremmers report, they actively applied state capitalism during their development. The approach is a real threat to the global economy since it is really making the extinction of free market policies (Bremmer 54). However, the political greed of these governments has left the citizens of the countries at the mercy of international investors. Bremmer goes ahead to show how wide capitalism is. All that makes it take different forms is the degree of government involvement. Other forms include the free market capitalism, mixed economy, and the social market economy. To expound on his research, Ian points out Adam smith who is the man behind the development of capitalism in the world. According to Adams, in pure capitalism, everyone does what is best for him or her.The government too minds its own business and never enforces laws. He compares it with a football game that has no ref eree or a game with players playing with no specific goal. Adams creates the theory of the ‘invisible hand’ to explain the balancing force in economies. In reference to the theory, the hand is operational. No interference from the government and leaves it to the market to take its own decisions in the free market system. Bremmer sees this as a potential threat not just to his government but also to the world. However, his exceptions to this threat are given for India, China, and Russia (Bremmer 103). However much Bremmer confesses not to be against state capitalism, his opinions about this kind of economy is very negative through out the chapters. He reflects this type of economy as a project whose goal is to have selfish gains. Here the ‘invisible hand’ is the government and takes control of all economic activities and only few returns are made. Bremmer describes it as â€Å"various types of state owned companies are incorporated by the government to mana ge the resources, create, and maintain jobs.†Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on The end of the free market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the secret behind this selection is that the chosen companies are privately owned companies. These privately owned companies dominate the economic sectors. In all the above situations, the state uses markets to deliver wealth to the political officials. Moreover, their mission is not seen as to maximize growth, but to use state crown jewels to maximize power and chances of survival in the leadership positions that they take. We could comment that this book is carefully written in an effort to inform us on the existence of another category of communism that is evolving in the third category. Despite the effects of cold war being experienced 20 years ago, Bremmer still thinks that we are unfortunate when we face the same, but in a manner that very few can fe el or witness. He goes ahead to put down quotes such as the Wen Jiabao quote from a CNN interview. Wen illustrates that â€Å"the formulation of economic policies can only be derived by having a fair and full play to the forces that control the market.† Moreover, government regulation and macroeconomic guidance should act as the key players in resource allocation. On the contrary, the main agenda for most of the state controls is to create political power through exploitation of economic resources. However, do not misjudge the author of this book; his main agenda is not to oppose state capitalism. For instance, he commends China and Russia for presenting their policies in a transparent manner. All that Bremmer wants is simply to show the weaknesses and strengths of this type of economy and its effects on us. He warns on embracing imported elements of the economy saying that capitalism is unique and ought to be governed by the particular resources and needs of the specific cou ntry. The workforce in China is well developed. On the contrary, Russia is rich in natural resource, which gives it an added advantage. The Middle East is really blessed with oil though the country is challenged by demographics. Bremmer has a major concern over China as he continually mentions of its economic status. This book makes sense to China’s economy and the dominance of state capitalism. For instance, it is not until you go over the book that you realize that Exxon Mobil is the 15th in revenues. Top multinationals account for just 3% of reserves and 10% of the global revenue, the rest is driven by the state. The China-US trade has drastically increased from 2.4 billion USD to 400 billion USD in the year 2008 alone. This was the year that China had more than 200 billion dollars in form of investments under the sovereign funds. This is depicted in an interview with China’s finance president, Gao Xiqing. He portrays China and Russia as the leading practitioners ha ving abandoned communism.Advertising Looking for book review on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He commends China by depicting how powerful it is and capable of controlling the worlds economy. This is because they repaired what was in the state capitalism in accordance with the new era. However, their failure is only in the usage of money. They earn very much on exports compared to the US, but put very little in economic development. Much is returned back to the US in form of purchases of sovereign funds. China would be far much ahead if it focused on economic development rather than investment if they wanted to. However, what would happen to the US if China stopped these investments? Infusion of earnings in exports would lead to inflation, the reason why China has to balance its markets and income. Bremmer gives an example of Greece financial crises. He adds that these China policies were intelligently selected since the purchase of these sovereign wealth funds acts as an economic back up in times of crisis. China does not have to apply for the monetary funds. Diverting from state capitalism is the mercantilism. People tend to confuse this type of economy with state capitalism. However, Bremmer argues that it is completely different from the rest. Their policies tend to rhyme, but what differs is the financial interest. Mercantilism protects its citizens from international exploitation by controlling imports. The interest of this type of economy is to make riches and rule the world. China would be a mercantilist country if it were selfish in sharing its surplus finance with other economies. If all these finances went to the improvement of the economy, China would be today a mercantilist country. However, China does not do that. In spite of being ranked as the top in terms of economic status, it has an average of about 5,000 USD as compared to the US, which has over 40,000 USD in terms of employee salary. It is very ironical for a US citizen to think of living in an economy that resembles state capitalism and that they are putting to an end the free mark et economy. However, this is the major concern of mister Bremmer. As the title suggest, the writer thinks that the free market is ending. In a report revealed by Bremmer in 2005 alone, corporations were the largest forms of economies, taking top 51. The report had General Motor of Denmark taking on the lead and Mitsubishi dominating over in Indonesia. Here comes China with its purchase of sovereign wealth funds and owning corporations in large-numbers. There is the emergence of multinationals, which exploit citizens. The chain continues to a point where a foreign country can own almost up to half of another in terms of investment. This is how easy a state can dominate the whole world and many thought that they were joking when they commented that they were ‘taking over the world.’ The writer completely disagrees with these corporations. His reasons are that they have a hidden agenda, which is greed and ruthlessness. They tend to widen the gap between the poor and the ri ch, drive infant industries into extinction and give room for exploitation by limiting competition. Bremmer talks of immigration and its effects. He comments that this is what has made some of the countries rich. They draw knowledge from American to levels as high as PhD, utilize the American resources, and take back to their countries. However, this idea is not that much convincing because if we took the example of China, US still needs cheap China goods whereas China needs the US for educational resources. What if we have a mixture of state capitalism and free market economy? It can be practically applicable only in situations where private owners own free corporations while the government is in control. The ‘invisible hand’ would balance everything automatically and bring out a balanced economy. Throat competition among countries and corporations would be cut down .Exports and imports would be balanced without any underflow or overflow. This system appears ideal, but may be this is what Bremmer believed and would want to see. Other recommendations that Bremmer gives are; be friendly to foreign workers, choose the right fights, keep markets open, and investment in hard power. Conclusion In conclusion, we can say that this book is a professional guidebook that leaves the reader informed about real economic facts. The writer presents a wide history on capitalism and its influence on the free market, offering examples from different regimes in the world. His chapters are supported by strong evidence revealing the negativity of regulated free markets in the name of state capitalism. There are also clear economic procedures and solutions in which the United States can live in harmony with the rest of the world and still defend its future competitive advantage. However, it is important to recommend capitalism because this has been the root of development in most countries. This just how brief the book is though not very exciting to read, one can easil y connect ideas. Works Cited Bremmer Ian. The End of the Free Market: Who Wins the War Between States and Corporations? New York, NY: Penguin Books Limited, 2011. Print. This book review on The end of the free market was written and submitted by user Layla Russo to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Language and Misinterpretations

Language and Misinterpretations Language comprehension is an important tool of communication. Through language, human beings are able to exchange information amongst themselves, form relationships, comprehend, and express their feelings. Consequently, language is a vital component of human understanding.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Language and Misinterpretations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The issue of misinterpretation in language use is very important because it has the potential to affect communication in a big way. Misinterpretations can result in severed relationships and in other cases they can offend people. The complexities of the differences between languages are responsible for contradicting statements and unintended interpretations. Most cases of lingual misinterpretations depend on cultural differences and ambiguity. Languages are often interpreted differently by several individuals. Consequently, the issue of †˜meaning to whom’ takes centre stage in language use. In some instances, the usage of some words may differ depending on lingual factions. This paper explores language use with respect to misinterpretation and meanings. The issue of misinterpretation in language use is tricky because it is likely to have several valid interpretations of one utterance. Therefore, several listeners might have different interpretations in a single case of language use. The concept of having a ‘correct’ or ‘incorrect’ interpretation is complicated by the fact that one utterance can have several valid interpretations. Interpretations depend on their interpreter. For instance, misinterpretations depend on the status of the listener. In America, interpretations are mostly dependent on racial factions such as African American, Asian American, or Native American. Misinterpretations are a product of a speaker’s intention. Nevertheless, in some cases a speaker might hav e more than one intention. An utterance can bear characteristics of motive, desire, and reason. All these factors are tied to cultural backgrounds and resulting interpretations. The fact that a speaker’s motive might be in conflict with his/her desires makes things complicated for listeners. Racial tensions in America are a common source of misinterpretations. After considering all these facts, it is clear that misinterpretations are part of communication. Consequently, the ‘correct’ interpretation of any language use can vary.Advertising Looking for critical writing on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A listener’s chances of misinterpretation are dependent on a number of pre-conditions. A listener is only able to interpret an utterance based on his/her â€Å"background knowledge, intelligence and imaginative power, degree of attention and interest, social relation s to the speaker and actual social interaction with the latter, willingness to think over what has been said and what follows from that† (Odlin, 2008). During language use, it is likely for a listener to draw multiple conclusions from a single utterance. Therefore, the issue of misinterpretation easily applies to listeners during language use. It is also important to note that a listener might have a wide range of valid interpretations when it comes to language use. When discussing the issue of misinterpretations, it is important to note that the context of a particular utterance matters. The issue of ‘meaning to whom’ is rarely analyzed by linguists. The multiplicity of contexts in communication makes it difficult to analyze the issue of what a particular utterance means to diverse groups of people. Nevertheless, the task of deeply analyzing utterances is often relegated to observers and other linguistic experts. Linguistic analysts often investigate the concept of ‘meaning to whom’ using several considerations. The chances of an interpreter avoiding instances of ‘misinterpretations’, depend on his/her familiarity with speakers and listeners. For instance, America uses English as the standard language of communication. However, English speakers are likely to understand utterances in relation to their individual backgrounds. A linguistic analyst can have difficulties analyzing what an utterance means to a Mexican-American without a slight understanding of the Spanish language. Consequently, to reduce instances of misinterpretations the American system uses hyphenation. Hyphenation offers linguistic experts a chance to make interpretations using the unique traits of listeners and speakers. Each cultural group creates meanings in its unique way. Therefore, even though all Americans speak one language their interpretations might differ. The issue of interpretation encourages both speakers and listeners to use cultural anthropologies when making deductions. Nevertheless, hyphenations are more effective when analyzing utterances compared to an analysis of written texts (Leiser, 2009). In written texts, accents do not matter. However, in utterances accents form a big part of interpretation.  An example of how the concept of ‘meaning to whom’ is manifested is in the use of the word ‘squaw’. The word squaw means different things to different Native American communities.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Language and Misinterpretations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, the word has different interpretations within Canada and the United States. For the Algonquian speaking people, the word squaw refers to either a woman or girl. Over the years, the term squaw has come to be interpreted in different ways by different people. Even though the origins of the word indicate that the word i nitially meant ‘woman’, other Native American communities have claimed that the word refers to ‘vagina’. Linguists agree that the change of meaning of the word ‘squaw’ is a misinterpretation. Nevertheless, the resulting misinterpretation has turned the word squaw into a derogatory term. In addition, some Native American communities have renamed places that have the word squaw in them. Although the word squaw initially meant one thing to the early Native Americans, it has come to mean something else to the current generation. References Leiser, R. G. (2009). Exploiting convergence to improve natural language  understanding. Interacting with Computers, 1(3), 284-298. Odlin, T. (2008). Language transfer: Cross-linguistic influence in language learning.  New York: Cambridge University Press.

Make Sugar and String Crystal Easter Eggs

Make Sugar and String Crystal Easter Eggs Sugar and string Easter egg ornaments are a fun family craft idea, plus you can include a lot of science in this project. You can make smaller hollow string ornaments to hang or put in baskets or you can make a large crystal egg to use as an Easter basket. Sugar and String Easter Egg Materials There are a few different ways to do this project. You can make either small eggs or very large eggs. Large eggs require multiple layers of sugar in order to support their size. Small eggs can be made such that they are open, revealing the abstract-looking string pattern. If you are concerned that the sugar will attract ants, there are two ways to avoid this problem. One is to spray the completed project with clear spray paint. The other is to change the ingredients altogether, using a mixture of spray starch or glue and water instead of sugar with egg whites or water. If you use glue instead of sugar your project will not be as stiff or sparkly, plus you wont get crystals. Balloons:Â  Use very small balloons if you want to make small eggs that you can put into Easter baskets or hang as ornaments. Use larger balloons if you want to use the egg as an Easter basket or as a larger decorationString:Â  You can use any type of string that you want, such as embroidery floss, thread, yarn, or even ribbon.Sugar: Normal white sugar (sucrose) produces the most sparkle and largest crystals. You can use confectioners or powdered sugar.Egg whites or water:Â  Egg whites contain water plus the protein albumin. The albumin helps you get a stiffer, glossier Easter egg, but you can use water instead with comparable results.Scissors: (optional) Make the Easter Egg The basic instructions are to blow up the balloon until it is the size you want for your Easter egg. Next, make the balloon sticky by coating it with sugar-water. Wrap string around and around the balloon until you have enough string to support the shape (more is better). Allow the string to dry. Apply more layers of sugar, allowing the balloon to dry between layers. Carefully pop the balloon and remove it. Use the sugar-string Easter egg as it is or else cut a hole in it using scissors.Here are detailed instructions for the Easter egg that has larger sugar crystals and can be used as an Easter basket. Mix together three egg whites and as much sugar as it takes (about 3 cups powdered sugar, somewhat less granulated sugar) to make a glaze that is thick enough to spread, but will not drip. Add food coloring if you wish. The consistency is important. If the glaze drips, the egg will take a very long time to dry and wont be as thick and strong. The amount of sugar that will dissolve in the egg white (solubility) is highly dependent on temperature. Much more sugar will dissolve in room temperature egg whites than in cold egg whites.Blow up a balloon to the desired size. Tie it off with a knot. Tie a string around the knot. You will use this string to hang the balloon while it dries.Coat the balloon with the sugar and egg white mixture.Wrap the balloon with string. It may help to use several smaller lengths of string than to wrap one long piece.Hang the balloon and allow the string to dry.Coat the balloon with the sugar and egg white mixture. Fill in the gaps between the strings and try to get even coverage. You may want to add more coats of sugar. For your final coat, one option is to sprinkle very coarse sugar onto the wet mixture. This will result in a very sparkly egg.When you are satisfied with the thickness of the egg, allow 24 hours for the egg to completely harden. Pierce the balloon so that it slowly deflates. Your goal is to carefully remove the balloon from the inside of the egg. The crystallization that you get will depend on how well the sugar had dissolved in the egg white and the rate of evaporation.You can use scissors to cut a hole in the egg. The cut edge of the egg may be covered with ribbon or frosting or whatever you like. Open String Eggs Another option is to make an egg that is simply stiffened string. This is a much simpler and quicker project. The egg must be relatively small since the eggs shape is maintained by hardening thread or yarn with sugar. You could use the glaze described in this version of the project on the larger egg in order to make translucent glass windows in the thicker egg, but you will need to apply several coats of glaze. Blow up a balloon to make a small egg.Heat a little water until it boils. Remove the water from heat. Stir in sugar until no more will dissolve. If you dont have enough sugar in this solution, your egg will not harden, so its better to add sugar until crystals start to settle out. If you arent using colored string, you may wish to add food coloring to the sugar solution.Dampen the balloon with the sugar solution. Dont burn yourself! You can let the liquid cool down a bit.Wrap the balloon with string. Use enough string to provide adequate support for the shape.Either dip the Easter egg in the solution or else drip solution over the egg to make certain the string is thoroughly saturated with sugar solution.Suspend the egg from another string until the egg is dry.Carefully pop the balloon and remove it.Enjoy your Easter egg! After the holiday, you can save the egg for next year by wrapping it in tissue paper and storing it in a dry location.

HCM621-0804A-01 Ethics, Policy, and Law in Health Care Management - Essay - 6

HCM621-0804A-01 Ethics, Policy, and Law in Health Care Management - Phase 3 Individual Project 2 - Essay Example In the survey the admin was able to identify the Advantages of patient satisfaction: Medical Center improved its managing care. The RCMC should have an environment that will satisfy not only the patient but its relative as well. As result of this patient and its relative may recommend RCMC to others which may help the organization increased its income. Nurse- patient, doctors – patient and other staff –patient relationship are among the important factors that are considered. A patient is satisfied enough if he sees his doctor visits him regularly in his room. Nurse patient relationship will increase the possibility that a patient will cooperate in taking his medication. Availability of the medicines needed should be put in focus. Relatives are also particular in medication. RCMC Pharmacy should have at least 90 percent of medications needed in the hospital. Patients are also particular in the food they eat in the

Alexandria Police Dept Intelligence Unit Proposal Essay

Alexandria Police Dept Intelligence Unit Proposal - Essay Example At the same time serial crimes and organized crime groups can be detected more quickly and more cases can be solved. Programs like community relations and robbery awareness could be carried out which helps to improve public trust and confidence, which in turn strengthen the information management system. By decentralizing the model and establishing a coordinating council, process of intelligence work could be made more effective and reliable.   Introduction Alexandria has maintaining highly skilled, energetic, technically oriented, well-equipped police department and serving the people better. It has the strength of 320 officers and 138 administrative workers.  Since 1986, the Alexandria police department has been internationally accredited by the commission on accreditation for law enforcement agencies (CALEA) which is a rigorous and difficult process, and has been reaccredited in subsequent years. By achieving this it has the professional status of law enforcement agencies worl dwide, and now has a responsibility of maintaining this status (Police Department, 2011). The department has provided searchable online crime data through the city's online crime search engine, and citizens can view it using an online Geographic Information System (GIS). Adding, the department's model mainly relies on the usage of advanced technology. Starts from 2004, the Alexandria police department is in the process of decentralizing its operations, and is now operating in three locations. One is at headquarter building at 2003 Mill road, and the other two is in 2034 and 2900 Eisenhower Avenue.  Decentralization of police function contributed to a decline in the effectiveness of communication among various investigative, operational, and administrative units. Information regarding new and emerging crime trends, patterns and neighborhood issues was often fragmented, which in turn fails to unite the department's resources and focus towards proactive and problem solving solutions. Joint efforts among all these units were also far more difficult to organize and manage (Police Department, 2011). More have to be done to improve communication and teamwork at all levels while increasing accountability and measure results on a regular basis. Increased communication among various operational and investigative units, teamwork, active participation, and accountability for results are to be the guiding principles of the department's process.  Ã‚   Crime trend in Alexandria Alexandria is the seventh largest and one of the highest income independent cities in Virginia. New town is largely populated by professionals those who are working with the federal civil service, or for one of the many private companies. On the other hand, the old town with its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, is a major attraction for tourists. Alexandria has experienced a substantial decline in overall crime during the period 1970-2010, but has witnessed a si gnificant increase in scams and white collar crimes such as credit card fraud, worthless check cases, and larcenies of GPS units from vehicles, thefts of dodge caravans, IPods stolen, and phishing phone calls (Brian Block, 2007).

Final reflection Essay Example for Free

Final reflection Essay After the studying of this semester, my writing skills of business writing, reading skills, and communication skills had a progress. First of all, the process of writing is really important and significant. I learned the process which covers planning, composing and revising from this JGEN class. To be honest, it is really helpful. Before studying the process, I always feel the business writing is hard for me. Currently, I just need to follow the steps of the process and an effective business writing can be finished. In addition, for the business writing, I can use direct and indirect methods to respond the complaint messages, to give the customer’s negative messages and to provide the persuasive letters which attached with business goals. At the same time, the readers’ moods and the emotions which the messages convey also need to be considered. More than that, I was also benefit from the email and letter writing. The techniques of those writings not only can be used in business field, but also can be used to communicate with your teacher and family, etc. For example, I even don’t know the formatting of the email before this class. Moreover, for the resume and job application cover letter, I think it also extremely helpful, because finding jobs is the necessary and the first steps of our careers. The resume should be made personally and specially. Last but not least, the most important thing which I should state is the group project. I want to say that I really enjoy the whole process. From preparation of the report to performing of the presentation, I learned many things, like research skills, discussion which can share the ideas, and practice of the presentation. The effective communication of the group is really inevitable and we made it.

Gay Marriage and the Government Essays -- same sex marriage, political

In recent years, the debate over same-sex marriage has grown into a nationwide controversy, reverberating into the halls of congress, at the white house, in dozens of state and legislature and courtrooms, and in the rhetoric of election campaigns at both the national and state levels. As the debate rages on, the American religious community remains deeply divided over the issue, and over the morality of homosexuality. The debate has grown from an issue that occasionally arose in a few states to a national and even worldwide controversy. Moreover, the battle over whether or not gay and lesbians should be allowed to wed shows no signs of abating. In the last year alone, three states have banned same-sex marriage and four states have legalized the practice. Recently, both sides in the debate have scored important victories. In April 2009, Iowa’s Supreme Court ruled that the states constitution guarantee’s gays and lesbians the righto wed, the high court in Connecticut had issued a similar ruling back in May of 2008. Gay marriage advocates have also won important legislative victories in a number of states, beginning in April 2009 when Vermont legislature same-sex marriage. The Vermont law marked the first time gay marriage was legalized as the result of a statue rather than a court ruling. By the end of May 2009, two other state legislatures, those in Maine and New Hampshire, followed suit, bringing the total number of states that allow same-sex marriages to six. In June 2009, President Barak Obama granted family medical leave and certain other benefits to same-sex partners of federal workers. (The presidential memorandum did not include health insurance coverage, which would require congressional approval). Many supporters of ... ...gay marriage legal. Opponents of same-sex marriage note that whenever voters have had an opportunity to weigh in on the issue-even in a more socially liberal state such as California – they almost always vote against gay marriage. These opponents hope continue placing constitutional bans on the ballot and are targeting Iowa, among other states, in hope of reversing that states recent Supreme Court decision. To sum it all together, I believe that gays should have all the same opportunities and rights that heterosexuals have. It is nothing other than discrimination not only by society but by the nation’s government as well. I know that it’s supposed to be man and woman to wed, but I believe you can’t help who you fall in love with. References 1. Pew Research .org 2. World book (Ashford Online Library) 3. L.A Times 4. U. S. Congress 5. Pewforum.org

Role of Senco

This part of the essay will discuss the role of SENCO’s and how it has evolved. It will start of briefly introducing the role of a SENCO, and the responsibilities, followed by how their role has evolved and then the impact of recent government policy. A SENCO is a teacher with responsibility for co-ordinating special needs support within a school. Fielder 2008 claims that â€Å"the modern SENCO has to be able to bridge the gap between professionals, carers and students with SEN†. According to Cowne and Jones 2001 a SENCO can be looked upon as a main figure in making institutional change, and is also seen as a leadership role within a school community. Supporting this is Mckenzie 2007 who also points out that the role of SENCO undertaken by a senior member of staff is more effective as they have a voice as member of senior management team. Government and legislative documents emphasise the high level of expertise that is required for SEN Coordinators (SENCOs) to carry out their increasingly complex role. The 2001 Code of practice says that he SENCO should take the lead in further assessment of the child’s particular strengths and weaknesses; in planning future support for the child in discussion with colleagues; and in monitoring and afterwards reviewing the action taken. The SENCO should also ensure that appropriate records are kept including a record of children at Early Years Action and Early Years Action Plus and those with statements. From the SEN Code of Practice 2001 the role of the educational needs coordinator in school has attracted a good deal of attention since the Code of Practice on the identification and assessment of SEN was introduced in 1994. Not only did the code make it a requirement for all schools to have a named coordinator for SEN in place, it prescribed a considerable range of duties and responsibilities, described as ‘onerous’ and ‘breathtaking broad’ (Gains 1994). The role of SENCO has developed considerably since the implementation of Special Educational Needs Code of Practice 1994. The demands and responsibilities have increased significantly. The SENCO’s role now has also evolved to be a lead professional, knowledge/information manager and advocate, resource manager, partnership manager, quality assuror, facilitator, and solution assembler. In mainstream primary schools the key responsibilities of SENCO has evolved as they now need to include overseeing the day to day operation of the schools policy, coordinating provision for children with special educational needs, liaising with and advising fellow teachers, managing learning support assistants, overseeing the records of all children with SEN, liaising with parents, contributing to the in-service training of staff, liaising with external agencies including LEA’s support and educational psychology services, health and social services and voluntary bodies (Cheminais 2005). Other roles carried out by the SENCO include encouraging class teachers and helping define targets on I. E. P. s for those children who are registered on the SEN register, along with the reviews on a half term basis, looking at behaviour issues of children throughout the school, monitoring the attendance of children, managing support staff, assisting the teacher with their planning to in cooperate differentiated work for the SEN children and liaising with parents and external agencies to help with the progression of children within the setting. Nolan and Gersch 1996 agreed that close communication and co-operation, and a clear understanding of responsibilities are crucial to the success of partnership between the school and outside agencies and the SENCO is the link between them. Cole 2005 concludes by arguing that the role of the SENCO needs to be reconceptualised, redefined and remunerated as a senior management post within mainstream schools. If this were to be enforced by national policy, every mainstream school could have at least one powerful advocate for inclusion of the children with learning difficulties/disabilities.

A Modest Proposal For The Homeless People Essay

When you walk the streets of downtown, all you see is smelly, dirty homeless people begging for money. All they do is take up all the space on the sidewalks with their cardboard signs, annoying people while they walk by homeless people because they scary and harmful. Instead of them trying to find a job, they’re always asking for money and when they do get money they never use it on food and water, they’ll most likely spend it on drugs. Homeless people make our city look horrible, dirty and poor which gives us a bad reputation. They’re a burden on our society and something needs to be done about it. There is no reason such dirty people should be a part of what seems to be a clean society. The homeless are bringing down the look of this society. The look they are giving our environment is a poor, dirty, uninviting look. As a proposal, they should be forced to work extra hard so the higher class of society don’t have to work extremely hard. After all the homeless is taking up all the space, so they might as well do all the dirty work that no one has an interest in doing, to get it over with. Maybe that will make them seem like a less of a burden. If that doesn’t work we can just ship them off to an island for the homeless so we don’t have to worry about them anymore. But it would make sense to put these people in some type of imprisonment too. So that’ll clean up the streets as well. With help from these proposals there should be no reason for such terrible dirty people to continue to be a part of our society. Once the homeless is gone, the city will become inviting, and appealing to visitors, might even make some want to stay.

Plate Tectonics Theory essays

Plate Tectonics Theory essays Most people know about the prehistoric land that scientists have named Pangaea, but few know what it looked like, was like, and how it separated over millions of years. The hypothesis is now widely accepted and may soon become scientific law. I will explain the plate tectonics theory, Pangaeas climate and environment, and how the earths plates are continuing to move. Along the same lines, scientists have found it difficult to trace the movements of the continents that occurred very early in the earths history. However, a general picture can be constructed from a combination of evidence from various scientific fields. Early in history, there were probably two or three super continents that formed, broke up, and re-formed as lithospheric plates drifted slowly around the earth. Alfred Wegener first hypothesized the continent of Pangaea, and proposed that it formed between 250 and 300 million years ago. Many mountain regions, such as the Appalachian Mountains and Russias Ural Mountains, were formed during early Paleozoic Era collisions, which also created Pangaea. Now that you know how this super continent was formed, lets see how it dissipated. Following this, about two hundred million years ago, Pangaea began to break apart. It started to form two different landmasses. Just north of the equator a great east-west rift split the super continent, nearly separating Gondwanaland and Laurasia. They stayed connected only where the southern tip of Spain touched the northwestern coast of Africa. As a rift and small sea formed east of this connection, Laurasia began to rotate slowly in a clockwise direction. A little while later, both Gondwanaland and Laurasia began to split, creating four major continents. Present day South America broke away from Africa and India slid from its former position, connected with Antarctica and Australia. Later, the Himalayas formed as the last of the continents broke apart, India...

How Women Abolitionists Fought Slavery

How Women Abolitionists Fought Slavery Abolitionist was the word used in the 19th century for those who worked to abolish the institution of slavery. Women were quite active in the abolitionist movement, at a time when women were, in general, not active in the public sphere. The presence of women in the abolitionist movement was considered by many to be scandalous- not just because of the issue itself, which was not universally supported even in states that had abolished slavery within their borders, but because these activists were women, and the dominant expectation of the proper place for women was in the domestic, not the public, sphere. Nevertheless, the abolitionist movement attracted quite a few women to its active ranks. White women came out of their domestic sphere to work against the enslavement of others. Black women spoke from their experience, bringing their story to audiences to elicit empathy and action. Black Women Abolitionists The two most famous black women abolitionists were Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman. Both were well-known in their time and are still the most famous of the black women who worked against slavery. Frances Ellen Watkins Harper and Maria W. Stewart are not as well known, but both were respected writers and activists. Harriet Jacobs wrote a memoir that was important as a story of what women went through during slavery, and brought the conditions of slavery to the attention of a wider audience. Sarah Mapps Douglass, part of the free African American community in Philadelphia, was an educator who also worked in the antislavery movement. Charlotte Forten Grimkà © was also part of the Philadelphia free African American community involved with the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society.   Other African American women who were active abolitionists included Ellen Craft, the Edmonson sisters (Mary and Emily), Sarah Harris Fayerweather, Charlotte Forten, Margaretta Forten, Susan Forten, Elizabeth Freeman (Mumbet), Eliza Ann Garner, Harriet Ann Jacobs,  Mary Meachum, Anna Murray-Douglass (first wife of Frederick Douglass), Susan Paul,  Harriet Forten Purvis, Mary Ellen Pleasant, Caroline Remond Putnam, Sarah Parker Remond, Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin, and Mary Ann Shadd. White Women Abolitionists More white women than black women were prominent in the abolitionist movement, for a variety of reasons: Although the movement of all women was restricted by social convention, white women had more freedom than black women to move about.White women were more likely to have the income to support themselves while doing abolitionist work.Black women were, after the Fugitive Slave Act and the Dred Scott Supreme Court decision, at risk of capture and transport to the South if someone alleged (rightly or wrongly) that they were escaped slaves.White women were generally better-educated than black women were (even though not at all on a par with the education of white men), including in formal oratory skills popular as a topic in education at the time. White women abolitionists were often connected with liberal religions like the Quakers, Unitarians, and Universalists, which taught the spiritual equality of all souls. Many white women who were abolitionists were married to (white) male abolitionists or came from abolitionist families, though some, like the Grimke sisters, rejected the ideas of their families. Key white women who worked for the abolition of slavery, helping African American women navigate an unjust system (in alphabetical order, with links to find more about each): Louisa May AlcottSusan B. AnthonyAntoinette Brown BlackwellElizabeth BlackwellEdnah Dow CheneyLydia Maria ChildLucy ColmanPaulina Kellogg Wright DavisMary Baker EddyMargaret FullerAngelina Grimke and her sister, Sarah GrimkeJulia Ward HoweMary LivermoreLucretia MottElizabeth Palmer PeabodyAmy Kirby PostElizabeth Cady StantonLucy StoneHarriet Beecher StoweMary Edwards WalkerVictoria WoodhullMarie Zakrzewska More white women abolitionists include: Elizabeth Buffum Chace, Elizabeth Margaret Chandler, Maria Weston Chapman, Hannah Tracy Cutler, Anna Elizabeth Dickinson, Eliza Farnham, Elizabeth Lee Cabot Follen, Abby Kelley Foster,  Matilda Joslyn Gage,  Josephine White Griffing, Laura Smith Haviland, Emily Howland, Jane Elizabeth Jones, Graceanna Lewis, Maria White Lowell, Abigail Mott, Ann Preston, Laura Spelman Rockefeller, Elizabeth Smith Miller,  Caroline Severance,  Ann Carroll Fitzhugh Smith, Angeline Stickney, Eliza Sproat Turner,  Martha Coffin Wright.

Discussion 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Discussion 1 - Essay Example However, the higher order cultural functions are differentiated in most instances between various human cultures. This indicates that basic human cultural behavior is similar across cultures but more complex human behavior across cultures is differentiated. Consequently, as human beings tend to live together in different societies around the world, there higher order behaviors tend to vary significantly from each other. The large difference between human cultures across the globe lends credence to the argument that human behavior is more impacted by culture than biology. There are several examples from within our own cultures to support this contention. For example, my culture is similar to other cultures when it comes to obeying the law. People who do not obey the law are subject to punishment in order to enforce collective good. However, when the composition of these laws is considered along with what constitutes a crime, it becomes clear that these are differentiated from other cultures. This again serves to prove that lower order cultural functions are similar to each other while cultural complexes are differentiated from each

Evaluation plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Evaluation plan - Essay Example The judge in the case and elders of tribes or other ethnic groups, meet together with the offender, thus creating ties between all concerned in how the offender will serve restitution through community services or some other type of applicable punishment. In many of these cases, the victim of the crime will participate in the Circle, although those victims of rape or other physical abuse, may not be so inclined to attend. In such cases, it is also questionable as to whether the Circle is appropriate for use because it tends to promote power and domination which the victim, particularly females and children, may not be able to garner for themselves (Rieger, 2001). It depends heavily on how the Circle is structured and justice applied, along with the cultural application and influences (Potas et al., 2003). The Circle, in essence, acts as a trouble-shooting and problem-solving forum for common issues of alcoholism and drug abuse, for example, with the community helping the offender achieve success by taking care of children, or in other ways, while the offender attends physical rehabilitation to move away from drugs or alcoholism (Tumeth, 2011). The Circle Sentencing is primarily used in ethnic or tribal situations where cultural environments promote the full group as being active in helping one of its members rather than having the offender be removed to face judicial justice by incarceration. The idea of utilizing the Circle Sentencing came into play in 1999 (Rekhari, 2006-07), first in Port Adelaide, then 2002 in New South Wales (NSW), because it was evident that the indigenous peoples, most often the Aborigines, were becoming more prolific in the judicial system although they were being sentenced more often for lesser crimes than other criminals. Part of this was due to an increase in police powers, truth in sentencing, the criminalisation of offensive language, and that the police often targeted those inclined to recidivism (AIC,

You are required to compar and contrast qualitative and quantitative Essay

You are required to compar and contrast qualitative and quantitative research methods - Essay Example It is the hope of this author that such a level of discussion and analysis will be beneficial with respect to providing a basis through which the reader can more effectively comprehend the differential between these two and seek to apply the approach that suits their needs and research goals to the highest degree. Finally, the two different research methods themselves will be illustrated by a short analysis and review of respective articles that illustrate how they can be leveraged within the field of nursing practice and inquiry. Firstly, before delving into the nuances and differentials the these two forms of research and methodologies, a discussion and analysis of the definitions of both qualitative and quantitative research will be performed. As such, qualitative research is ultimately a site exploratory research. As such, is often used to help understand or to find underlying reasons, motivations, or opinions with regard to specific topic. Moreover, it helps to generate insights into the specific issue and help to develop ideas or answers/hypotheses or further quantitative research as such, qualitative research oftentimes forms an introductory level of scope and analysis which further researchers can then focus on specific details or attributes of a given issue as a means of seeking to draw inference. Further, by providing trends and delving deeper into issues, qualitative research performs functions quite unlike quantitative research in that it can construct models of understanding concerning human feel ings, emotions, reactions, and thoughts. Whereas it is true that quantitative research can perform many of these same functions, the underlying nuances and differentials that it is oftentimes able to capture are greatly reduced as compared to qualitative research. Whereas an exhaustive listing of qualitative research methods is not

Urban Walkability and Transit Oriented Development (TOD)

Urban Walkability and Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Introduction The transit oriented development approach is being adopted by many cities around the world, particularly those contested with transforming their car dependent neighbourhoods into more habitable and sustainable developments. The simplest way to describe the principles of TOD according to Calthorpe (1993) is â€Å"moderate and high density housing, along with complementary public uses, jobs, retail and services, concentrated in mixed – used development at strategic points along the regional transit system†. Yet, much as connectivity to regional significance through transit is important, it is the communities’ close interaction, supported by a walkable environment that Calthorpe claims is the â€Å"key aspect† of any flourishing TOD. Over the years, pedestrian friendly design thus generated considerable interests and a significant amount of literature and influential policy on urban walkability in TOD’s were developed in the Western world’s temperate urban zones. Presently, however, many of the world’s fastest developing urban areas are found in subtropical latitudes (O’Hare,2006). Western Australia, and particularly Perth, the urban centre of the region is one such case and serves as the focus of this research. The paper explores the key aspects and physical qualities of built environment related to urban walkability with an intent to encourage further discussion and studies on how subtropical TOD’s can be designed to enhance pedestrian movement as well as question whether the orthodoxy of existing urban design principles require some alterations to better adapt to subtropical regions. The paper establishes the accepted arguments and urban design principles essential to urban walkability and develops from a review of urban design sustainability, a framework that would encourage pedestrians’ movement and transport waiting in a subtropical TOD. A literature review is produced to confirm the growing importance of walkability and ultimately the paper explores, through field observations, how the established urban walkability principles apply in the subtropical regions. It concludes by giving some recommendations that could be applied to Claremont town Centre for an improved pedestrian friendly TOD. Accepted arguments for urban walkability + Literature review Recognised as the oldest form of urban transport, walking is a way of encountering and engaging with the local surroundings and wider society in a manner not quite possible when adopting other means of transport, especially motor transport. Gehl Gemzoe (2003), strongly highlight walking as a solution to bettering the public ground as part of the enhancement of the local neighbourhood and urban rejuvenation. With emerging concerns that car dependent cities will not be sustainable in the future, due to energy costs, fuel availability, congestion, pollution and other environmental impacts, much awareness is being raised about the importance of walking. According to US researches, studies show that there is a 30% more likelihood that compact-mixed use development residents would walk (to a restaurant/park) than those inhabiting vast motor-oriented environments (Cervero Radisch,1996). Hodgson, Page, Tight (2004) also conclude from their research that that TOD’s with appropriate design lead to more pedestrian and transit trips resulting in a decline in non-motorised transportation modes to reduce pollution emissions In conjunction to sustainability issues, the intra-generational equity theory and policy also acknowledge that a major part of the population constitutes of people who are extremely young, old, unhealthy, disabled or needy to have access or control over a private car (O’Hare,2006). Recently, considerable interest in improved walking environments has been generated as a result of the desire to encourage nonmotorized transportation modes to reduce pollution emissions and to improve public health by increased levels of walking (Evans-Cowley, 2006). A large body of research has confirmed that a favorable walking environment is a necessary condition for promoting walking and neighborhood interaction (Clifton, Smith, Rodriguez, 2007). Public health The World Health Organisation (WHO) Charter on Transport, Environment and Health as well as the WHO Healthy Cities Program have recognised the prominence of urban walkability long before the urban design and planning fields. The public health sector recognises that ‘active transport’ (such as walking, including walking to the bus or train) involves incidental physical activity. This incidental physical activity is an important component of active living (O’Hare 2000). Active living, together with a healthy diet, has the potential to reverse current international trends towards sedentary lifestyles and the accompanying health risks associated with obesity. Australia has been rated by different agencies as one of the world’s top four countries for obesity. Given that much of the world’s urban population growth is occurring in the tropical and subtropical zones, it is important to examine urban walkability principles with particular attention to conditions in those non-temperate climatic zones. A Perth study found commuters using public transport accumulated seven times more exercise than private motorists The prevalence of obesity in Australia has more than doubled in the last 20 years: 52% of women, 67% of men, and 25% of children are overweight or obese. Urban walkability principles in TODs: Jacobs (1960) spelled out almost half a century ago that urban design qualities relating to the quality of pedestrian experience are essential to support walkability. â€Å"Active frontages† and â€Å"eyes on the street† were recognised as few of the many crucial aspects. Based on the best practices from around the world, 8 principles vital to creating walkable TOD’s are identified in this paper. WALK Developing attractive pedestrian environment ensures accessibility and mobility for all. PLACE-MAKING Creating a sense of place makes encourages pedestrian activity and liveability. CONNECT Creating dense networks of transit routes results in a high degree of connectivity. TRANSIT Locate land uses so that they are transit supportive and close to high quality transport. MIX Planning for mixed use will promote pedestrian interest, safety, 24 hour activity. DENSIFY Sufficient density and compact form make transit viable and improve walkability. COMPACT Planning for compact areas with short commutes improves efficiency. SHIFT Controlling the amount/location of parking increases mobility. It is however important to understand that although listed individually, for a development to become truly transit oriented, we must be able to blur the boundary between these principles so that they are all interrelated Urban design theory and practice guidelines for walkable places were mostly developed in cities located in the temperate climatic zone. In the subtropics, summer is the season of discomfort for walkers, whereas in temperate cities it is the winter that brings discomfort to urban pedestrians. The coastal subtropical city lacks the icy winds, snow, sleet, frost, and other winter discomforts of the temperate city. The pleasant winter pedestrian conditions of the subtropical city are offset, however, by the summer challenges of heat, humidity and glare. The next section of this paper explores the need for an ‘intemperate’ approach to achieving urban walkability in the subtropical city Urban walkability in subtropical TODs Framework It is important to understand that in the fast growing subtropical urban regions of the world, climate and local topography are influential elements associated with walkability. Moving at a slower pace, pedestrians are prone to observe many more perceptible details and are exposed to the surrounding elements and climatic factors. Protection from sun, rain, humidity or heat must therefore be taken into account when planning a pedestrian environment. Drawing on research and keeping in mind the factors associated with subtropical urban regions, a framework of urban design principles is developed as strategies that would best enhance pedestrian movement or waiting in subtropical TOD’s. The key factors to making walking appealing are grouped in three major categories: SAFETY, ACTVITY AND COMFORT. Figure 1 – Framework Venn diagram, 2014. Figure 2 – A balanced street has ample sidewalks, comfortable bike facilities that connect to a network, and safe ways to cross streets, making active transportation possible even on larger roads. Image by EMBARQ. Stimulating walking necessitates that these travellers can move around efficiency, comfortably, and most importantly, safely. Physical design strategies that could be implemented in the ‘Safety, Activity, Comfort’ framework are discussed below : Safety: Ensuring wider sidewalk can provide for easy pedestrian movement and at the same time promote commercial activity/interaction Removing physical or perceived barriers to ensure that the pedestrian has flat and obstruction free band of sidewalk – â€Å"pedestrian zone† Providing pedestrian oriented quality lighting that illuminated their paths will add to the walker’s sense of safety Responsive walk signs at crossing lights designed with better timing and automatic changing to prioritise the needs of pedestrians, raised intersections, mini roundabouts or speed humps will encourage safe movement. Activity: Well-connected streets ensure that residents can conveniently access all parts of the TOD, thus activating the street use. Developing mixed-use street active frontages promote safety, security and foster vibrant social life in the streets. Attractive spaces with building orientation to the public street, visual interests, building articulation and landscaping encourage pedestrians to gather and linger Way finding aids/proper signage must be implemented to help people orient themselves and encourage movement through open public areas. Transit stations should be activated by cafà ©/newspapers stands or other facilities to make transport waiting wothwhile Comfort: The use of shelters in pedestrian and transit areas/stops allows for discomfort reduction and provides rest for pedestrians. Provision of footpath awnings, arcades, and other weather protection at least at certain intervals will serve as shelter from sun or showers. Providing a high degree of street amenities (benches, garbage cans, drinking fountains) and resting places will heighten the image of the street and attract all demographics to comfortably linger. As well as providing a solution to the heat humidity, street trees shade and protect pedestrians from the rain. Walkers can also be protected from cars when greenery is carefully designed along curbs. Sidewalk with a width proportional to the scale of the TOD area and planned walkability level ensures comfortable walking experiences for everyone. Case studies Subiaco City and Claremont Town centre, selected as case studies for this paper are recent both transit oriented areas developed in Perth region with a railway line passing through. The study area boundaries for each include the area within an 800-metre radius surrounding the train station. Subiaco city -Subiaco, known as Subi is a historic inner western suburb located around 3kms from Perth CBD and is focussed around a lively retail strip of Rockeby road. The Subi Centro project encompassing the North and West of the Subiaco railway station began in 1994 and incorporated many new dwellings, business centres and commercial space. An important aspect was the undergrounding of the railway line which in the past divided Subiaco. As an exemplar of urban regeneration supporting its heritage context, the project achieves a high quality public realm. Claremont Town Claremont Town centre, another western suburb finds itself midway of Perth CBD and Fremantle port on the north bank of Swan River. Claremont Town centre is a significant shopping area concentrated around St Quentin’s Avenue/Bay View Terrace and located south of the Claremont train station. The Claremont North East Precinct project is an on-going project started in 2005 as an initiative to revitalise the Northern part of the town which is currently disconnected from the southern part. It aspires a vibrant mixed used development around the Claremont football oval as a step towards social, economic and environmental sustainability. The purpose of this report, being to assess and enhance the quality of pedestrian environment, 3 methods is used to gather information: Ped-shed analysis is conducted at a 400m radius (5 min walk) and an 800m radius (10 min- walk) SAFETY-ACTIVITY- COMFORT assessment sheet is used to rate physical micro – attributes of the built environment on the streets. Observational analysis of the site – pictures/personal experience DATA ANALYSIS The information collected from these were used to assess to what degree the factors discussed in the framework and considered influential to walkability are either present or lacking in these two study areas. Pedshed ratio Analysis of the connectivity of both TODs was assessed through the ped-shed ratios calculated. A comparison of the two diagrams that Subiaco’s street grid network provides many paths and connected streets, encouraging them to walk and be within short walking distance of the train station. Claremont on the other hand, lacks this degree of pedestrian connectivity and offers limited route choice to the person walking. After analysing the connectivity of each site, visuals were gathered from field observations to compare one to another. The Safety-Activity-Comfort assessment sheet was then used to examine and rate each category. Key findings As seen from the rating, Subiaco city stands out terms of providing certain positive physical street elements that affect walkability. Observation from field analysis showed that street frontages on streets adjacent to the train station were quite lively and highly articulated. Seating areas, lighting, greeneries and shaded spots contributed to attracting pedestrian activity in the area. It was gathered from observations and research that Subiaco’s success as a pedestrian friendly locality was also due to the fact that the City of Subiaco Councillors had established a vision statement of â€Å"The Best Main Street Village in Australia† for the area. Rockeby street, in this regard, was developed as a place to come back to instead of just being a transit street and development trends, opportunities and changes were carefully thought of so as the area’s unique ‘sense of place’ was preserved. Famously advocated by Toderian(2014) as â€Å"streets that are for people to enjoy and linger, not just move through..places that are both initially attractive and ‘sticky’, inviting people to love it and not want to leave it†, positive ideas of sticky street concept seems to have been successfully adopted in designing Subiaco’s main street. With the objective of planning not just for the infrastructure and public transpor t, but also the shops, cafes and the people, Rockeby Street has flourished as iconic community hub of social, civic and commercial activity with public spaces as focal points. On the downside however, field observations also indicated a number of vacant shops or those in the process of closing down in Rockeby road retail strip. High rental rates, competition from nearby precinct and over restrictive licensing policies has caused a decline in cafà ©/retail strips and a 5% retail vacancy rate in the area (Tsagalis2012). It was also found that an alfresco dining licence in Subiaco was more expensive than Western Australia’s average and compared to a survey of local governments in Perth and the eastern states (Law, 2014).Mayor Henderson (2014) has approached this issue stating that â€Å"We are aware that council needs to step up to the plate and make some changes in order to create the vibrancy in the main street in Subiaco†. In an effort to encourage more local businesses to operate street trading/ alfresco dining areas to revitalise a spirited street and safe environment for the community, the council of the City of Subiaco has recently resol ved to amend existing associated fees. As of 31st October 2014, a notable reduction in application/licensing fees, a m2 basis fee and the initiation of low-cost short term options will be available for Subiaco retailers and it an increase in street activity is expected. While Claremont Town centre forms part of a prominent retail area, it comes primarily in the form of indoor malls which attract the pedestrians inside rather than being on the road. The main transit adjacent road, Grugeri Street, has a blank wall faà §ade with limited or no pedestrian activity. The street is also very limited in term of comfort since the awnings size is too small to provide shade or shelter. Bus tops and street amenities also lack variety and enhancement to attract people to linger. Recommendations Apparent from the observational audit and findings is that Claremont Town centre has many physical weaknesses in terms of walkability in a subtropical TOD. Because similar weaknesses may exist other western Australian TOD’s, some recommendations may apply for multiple sites and can be used as a guide for enhanced walking experiences. It was revealed from the site observations and findings of these 2 TOD’s in Perth that there is some way to go before Western Australia can claim to have a truly sustainable approach. Having established that urban walkability is vital to achieve a sustainable subtropical TOD, it is important for TOD planners to be able to adopt a revised framework of principles regarding the physical environment attributes that would work best for subtropical Perth regions and merge them with new innovative design strategies which would further enhance walking in Perth. It is also important for town/city planners to review rules and regulations in order to increase vibrancy in TOD’s rather than being over restrictive. Conclusion Having established that a successful TOD walkability is directly associated with a safe, comfortable and attractive pedestrian environment, this paper demonstrates that careful physical planning and good urban design solutions can very much enhance the pedestrian’s experience. It questions the needs of a subtropical city in term of its climate, topography and identity and then explores a framework of revised walkability principles that can be applied to the subtropical city. The case studies reveal responses and challenges to urban design for walkability in Perth and certain successful elements are recommended as strategies to improve Claremont’s TOD in terms of walking experience. It also questions whether over restrictive planning policies may need to be reconsidered to keep a TOD street alive and vibrant. It also recommends innovative strategies of urban design that other projects may copy or adapt in part for design and place-making approaches to give a unique sense of place to the subtropical TOD. Although each future TOD will deal with the numerous complex design challenges depending on particular circumstances around each project, it is the intention of this paper to stimulate discussion and hopefully more substantial research into the planning of walkable subtropical cities since so many of the world’s most rapidly growing urban areas are now situated in the tropical and subtropical zones.

The Gifted One :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was a humid summer day in a small town in Florida called Panama City. Much like everyday there were kids running around shooting each other with water guns up and down the street, and kids frolicking in the various pools throughout the neighborhood but this day would change the life of a boy who lived there forever. This particular boy named Simon was very special, all his life he had been marked as someone very different and gifted. At a young age of 10 he had an IQ of over 170, which is extremely rare. So he was constantly being taken to various schools that were designed to facilitate this boy with studies that would challenge someone of such superior intellect. The story all begins when him and his father were at their poolside talking about a school that had offered him a full paid scholarship. Simon’s father wanted to have his son go to the best of everything even if it meant leaving his home where he had grown up at only 12 years of age. As most can imagine Simon was very reluctant about this idea he wanted to live at home near his friends and family. He did not want to go live in some far off place with people he didn’t even know. His father tried to reason with him he said, â€Å" 3 presidents have gone to this school and not even they had a full scholarship tossed into their lap.’ Simon replied, ‘ I will never leave home.’ His father filled with anger and frustration yelled back with harsh conviction, ‘ You will go to this school even if you don’t want to go because it is in your best interest.’ Simon became very upset and burst into tears he cried out once more that, ‘ I wi ll not leave my mother.’ His father once again rebutted saying. ‘ You will do as you are told.’ At that Simon with out even lifting his hand picked up his father smashed him against the concrete siding of the pool splitting his head and tossed him into the deep end of the pool. The blood oozing form his head turned the pool water into a deep crimson hue. Not aware that his mother was watching she ran outside and jumped into the blood-tainted water to try to save her husband, but it was to late.

The Symbol of the Mockingbird Lies at the Heart of Harper Lee’s Novel to Kill a Mockingbird. Discuss.

Mockingbird's are not only symbols of innocence; they are also symbols of happiness and to kill them is evil. This concept, the senseless persecution of an innocent individual, is central to Harper Lee's novel. Boo Radley and Tom Robinson are both mockingbird figures, innocent yet condemned through the prejudices of society. The symbol of the mockingbird, with its associated ideas of a fragile, albeit beautiful innocence appears when Atticus tells Jem and Scout they may shoot all the bluejays they want, â€Å"but remember it's a sin to kill a mockingbird†.This is the first time Scout has ever heard Atticus say it was a sin to do something. The full significance of this remark is explained to Scout by Miss Maudie as she explains that mockingbirds â€Å"do nothing but sing their hearts out for us†, making music for the enjoyment of everyone in Maycomb. They represent a type of gentle and harmless creature. Throughout the text, Lee reiterates that to kill a mockingbird wou ld be wicked and spiteful, a senseless and pointless act of destruction. Boo Radley symbolises a beautiful, but tortured mockingbird that is misunderstood and ostracised by both his family and the wider community.He is kept as a prisoner in his own home, kept in confinement by his god-fearing Baptist family. Despite this treatment Boo remains gentle and harmless. However, people tell stories about how he eats squirrels and cats and poisons the pecan nuts in the school yard. To the community Boo is a â€Å"malevolent phantom†. Gradually Scout and Jem begin to see things from Boo's perspective. Like the mockingbird Boo gives pleasure and comfort: for example, the gifts in the tree, the blanket placed around their shoulders as they watch Miss Maudie's home go up in flames.Finally, he saves Scout and Jem's lives. In turn, Scout realises to drag Boo into the limelight would be like â€Å"shootin' a mockingbird† and a cruel betrayal of all the inherent goodness Boo symbolise s as a mockingbird. The mockingbird symbol also involves the broader themes of justice and how it can destroy an innocent person. Tom Robinson is an honest and principled black man who is accused of raping a white girl, Mayella Ewell. He explains he was only in the Ewell's house to help her; however, he condemns himself in the eyes of the jury when he says he felt sorry for her.This would be seen as the lowest class of citizen showing superiority towards a class above. The white community's fear of racial disturbance and their insecurity about their own position in society meant that Tom Robinson was found guilty. The prosecutor responds with feigned indignity â€Å"You felt sorry for her; you felt sorry for her? † Harper Lee uses rapid dialogue in the courtroom scene to emphasise the way the prosecutor attacks Tom, like an attack on an innocent mockingbird. Harper Lee exposes not just the prejudices of Maycomb but the ugly nature of such beliefs in society as a whole.Justice is betrayed when the jury ignore the evidence and destroy the mockingbird figure of Tom Robinson. It is evident that both characters have mockingbird traits. They both show kindness – Boo to the children, Tom to Mayella. They are both innocent – Boo of the evil persona with which he is associated and Tom of the crime of rape. Both are victims of prejudice. The significance of the mockingbird motif broadens out to contain many layers of meaning and is kept alive through the narrative continually reminding the reader of the theme of prejudice with which it is associated.

Reforestation Is Usually To Regenerate Forests Environmental Sciences Essay

If looked at from a long term point of position, re-afforestation is economically good. One of the most obvious benefits is the supply of timber and wood merchandises in the universe. Almost everyone uses wood in some manner every twenty-four hours, and selling lumber creates a great trade of income. Secondary economic benefits from re-afforestation include occupation creative activity in forest direction and increased belongings revenue enhancements on reforested land. Trees, when they decompose, enrich and add foods to the dirt. This increases dirt birthrate and helps hard currency harvests grow, which is a immense benefit for states that rely on their primary sector.AgainstIf looked at from a short term position, re-afforestation is really expensive and would be difficult to transport out in poorer states, where there is barely any money to carry through basic demands, allow entirely excess money to blow on strategies like re-afforestation. There is less land available for agricul tural growing and human activities.Environmental FactorForTrees provide a natural home ground for other life signifiers, as a place and a nutrient beginning. By the procedure of photosynthesis, trees capture and store C dioxide from the ambiance, assisting to cut down measures of this nursery gas and extenuating the effects of clime alteration. Furthermore, by commanding the flow of surface H2O and cut downing the overflow of dirt, trees can besides assist extenuate the effects of utmost conditions events. This reduces the happening of inundations and mudslides, peculiarly in countries susceptible to catastrophes. Trees can besides cut down the hazard of drouths by retaining H2O in the local environment and chilling local temperatures by shadowing the dirt.AgainstPlanting more trees means there will be less land for human activities. Planting unreal trees may intend a drastic alteration of home grounds for specific sets of animate beings and workss. It takes a really long clip for t he trees to turn and bring forth something utile.Positive ImpactsReforestation is the reestablishment or enlargement of a wood which was antecedently destroyed or degraded. The primary end of re-afforestation is normally to renew woods, with the purpose of reconstructing the environmental and economic benefits they provide, but re-afforestation activities can besides supply a wealth of societal benefits every bit good. Woodland provides ecosystems for wildlife, resources for worlds and even modifies the clime. Replanting trees can assist cut down eroding and alimentary depletion, maintaining countries where rain forests grow fertile and cut downing the likeliness of inundations. Reforestation undertakings may besides guarantee the preservation of home grounds for animate beings and workss. Some types of zoology may be utile for nutrient, to better medical scientific discipline or have other possible advantages for society across the Earth. Benefits of re-afforestation undertakings f or those life in deforested countries include increasing the handiness of clean imbibing H2O, nutrient, fuel and building stuffs, every bit good as offering employment, harmonizing to Eden Reforestation Projects.Negative Impacts- Reforestation undertakings can be expensive, and a batch of work, clip and money would be needed if the universe were to works adequate trees to successfully battle their depletion. Eden Reforestation Projects high spots figures from the World Bank released in 2002, which stated that 15 million hectares of forest demands to be planted every twelvemonth at a cost of 20 cents per tree or more after rising prices. It is really clip devouring. Planting trees and waiting for them to really turn may take old ages together. Reforestation policies may be difficult to implement in some countries of the universe. Reforestation as a Solution- Through photosynthesis, trees remove CO2 from the ambiance, therefore re-afforestation can play an of import function in countervailing C emanations. The United Nations ‘ IPCC estimations re-afforestation could take the C equivalent to about 10 per centum to 20 per centum of projected dodo fuel emanations by 2050. Reforestation is the restocking of bing woods and forests which have been depleted, with native tree stock. The term re-afforestation is like afforestation, the procedure of reconstructing and animating countries of forests or forest that one time existed but were deforested or otherwise removed or destroyed at some point in the yesteryear. The ensuing forest can supply both ecosystem and resource benefits and has the possible to go a major C sink. The construct of woods as C sinks has drawn attending about re-afforestation as a possible tool in the battle against planetary clime alteration. Because trees draw CO2 from the ambiance in the procedure of photosynthesis, they can potentially take this extra nursery gas from the ambiance and assist battle planetary heating.ProblemsThe chief consequence is an increasing planetary mean temperature. This causes a assortment of secondary effects, viz. , alterations in forms of precipitation, lifting sea degrees, altered forms of agribusiness, increased utmost conditions events, the enlargement of the scope of tropical diseases, the gap of new trade paths. As northern states warm, disease transporting insects migrate North, conveying pestilence and disease with them. Indeed some scientists believe that in some states, thanks to planetary heating, malaria had non been to the full eradicated. Global heating is already beef uping heat moving ridges. About every portion of the Causes Carbon overload is a consequence of human activities. When worlds burn fossil fuels, C dioxide is released into the ambiance, where it traps heat. One of the first things scientists learned is that there are several nursery gases responsible for warming, and worlds emit them in a assortment of ways. Most come from the burning of fossil fuels in mills and electricity production. The gas responsible for the most warming is carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) . Other subscribers include methane released from landfills and agribusiness, azotic oxide from fertilisers, gases used for industrial procedures, and the loss of woods that would otherwise shop CO2. The atmospheric concentrations of these nursery gases have significantly increased since the beginning of the industrial revolution. This is chiefly due to human activities, such as the combustion of fossil fuels, land usage alteration, and agribusiness. For case, the atmospheric concentration of C dioxide has been turning faster in the last 10 old ages than it has been since the beginning of uninterrupted measurings around 1960.United States will hold significantly more of 100o late this century. The H2O will go warmer and there will be more hurricanes. The polar ice caps are runing at a high rate. The lifting sea degrees will do more inundations. The trees will dry up and cause wildfires. Desertification will take topographic point. There will be increased volcanic activity. Speciess of alien animate beings will acquire wiped out. All our nutrient and H2O supplies will be diminished.